托福口语：如何描述不同身份的人

众所周知，托福的独立口语任务分为四类：人物类、地点类、物品类和事件类，如果考生们想要在独立任务这一项取得不错的成绩，就需要对每一类的话题进行练习和总结，归纳出规律，以应对各种题目。 

    在独立任务人物类话题当中，我们也可以根据描述人物的类型进行大致的分类，每类人物都具备不同的character, 所以我们的描述方式和答题思路也会不同。 

    A.Family

在托福口语人物类话题当中，经常会出现这样的题目： 

In your opinion, what are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. 

题目要求描述一个好家长应该具备的品质，通过brainstorming, 我们可以想到以下形容词： 

amiable和蔼可亲的，well-educated受过良好教育的， considerate体贴的,reasonable讲道理的, selfless无私的, diligent勤劳的, patient耐心的等等。

    通过以上题目，我们可以大致把名人分为这几类：歌手、演员、运动员、商人、历史人物、文学人物等。不同的名人具备不同的品质，同学们在准备的过程当中，要准备不同的词汇和事例。当然，如果题目没有加以区分，只是简单地让描述一个名人的话，那就根据自己准备的名人类型，自己选择一个就可以了。 

    B Idol偶像

    “Describe your favorite singer and explain why you like him/her.”这个题目怎么回答。 

提到歌手，很多同学想找一个国外的、国际化的明星来描述，但是对国外明星有细致了解的同学不是很多，所以容易在回答的时候只提到一些表面浅显的内容，没有足够的细节和例子补充。所以，如果题目没有要求描述那个国家的明星的话，尽可以说自己比较熟悉的国内歌手。所以这个题目，我们尽可以描述王菲： 

    In terms of the singers I like, I think Wangfei is among one of my favorite ones. I like her for several reasons. First of all, she is very talented. She has the most beautiful voice I’ve ever heard. When hearing her voice, I feel extremely calm and relaxed. Moreover, she is a brave girl when pursuing her dream. When she first started singing, she was not very popular. So she went to the US and learned a special way of singing and soon earned her fame in Asia. More importantly, her songs are always very inspiring and encouraging. Whenever I have difficulties, I can always find comfort and courage in her songs. 

    说到歌手，一定要提一下歌手的声音或者作品的特色。其他方面，可以说歌手的成长历程、趣事，或者歌手身上发光的品质和值得别人学习的地方。同样，说到演员、运动员，都可以用同样的模式，先说这个名人的职业特点，再添加一些非职业的特色和故事。 

    而考到历史人物，我们的思考方式就需要转变一下，描述这个人的身份，然后分条阐释他的功绩或成就，以及对自己的影响。例如“Describe a celebrity/a famous person in history you want to see most.”我们可以这样回答： 

I want to see Confucius the most. He is the most famous thinker and educator in Ancient China. I admire him first because he advocated benevolence. According to Confucius, benevolence means courtesy, loyalty and unselfishness. He always told his students the importance to love other people, to treat other people like brothers and sisters. Secondly, he believed that people with lofty ideal will never give up righteousness to seek survive, but may sacrifice their lives for righteousness. Finally, Confucius believed in the dignity of people. He is against the ancient custom of burying ceramic tomb figures with dead, because he thinks it was disrespect to humans. In China, Confucius is still influencing how we think today. 

    C Leader 领袖

    关于领袖的描述题，会问一个好的leader应该具备的品质，相反，有的作文会问一个普通的team member应该具有的品质。当然，在Task2中，还会让你选择你愿意当leader还是supporting member。以下是一些例子：In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good leader? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these qualities are important.Some people prefer to be a leader in a group project while others prefer to be a supporting member in a group project. Which do you prefer and why? Use examples and details in your explanation.In your opinion, what are some important qualities of a good team member? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why this characteristic is important. 

    回答这类题目，只需要弄清楚“领导”和“非领导”各自的优缺点就好了。首先我们需要brainstorm一下领导应该具备的品质：ambitious，有雄心壮志的 dutiful尽职的， analytical善于分析的，competent能胜任的，conscientious认真的自觉的， creative 富有创造力的。

    希望以上信息对同学们大有帮助。