[读]托福考试中阅读词汇附中英文注释1

adjust-- To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit修改

adjoining-- Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring

adaptation-- Something, such as a device or mechanism, that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modification

acute--- Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的=intense

Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharp

accustomed-- Being in the habit of习惯的=used to

accumulate-- To gather or pile up; amass收集，堆集；积累=collect

accompany--- To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel with

accompaniment--- Something, such as a situation, that accompanies something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况；伴随物

accommodate-- To provide for; supply with提供住处；供应=lodge To provide with temporary quarters, especially for sleeping提供住处

acclaimed--- To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly; applauded喝彩地,赞赏地=praised

accelerate-- To cause to develop or progress more quickly使加快=increased

abundance--- Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion The state of being profuse; abundance丰富

absurd-- Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的，荒唐的=preposterous Contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd荒谬的

abandon--- To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃=give up

awareness---shavingsknowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的=realization

available--- Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible可用的现实可用的；手边的；可获得的=accessible

attribute--- A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something品质、属性=characteristic, trait

attire-- Clothing or array; apparel服装、盛装；服饰=clothing

attach-- To fasten, secure, or join系，贴或连接=fasten, stick to

assortment-- A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样=variety

astonishing -- Filling with sudden wonder or amazement惊奇的,奇怪的=startling

astounding-To be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解=surprising

assemble--- To bring or call togethersintosasgroupsor whole召集集合=gathering

ascend-- To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb of

ascribe to----assume to be true

arduous--- Demanding great effort or labor; difficult困难的=difficult,

Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous艰苦的=strenuous Requiring great effort, energy, or exertion艰巨的

arid--- Lacking moisture, especiallyshavingsinsufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry

aptly--- Exactly suitable; appropriately合适的=appropriately

approach--- To come near or nearer, as in space or time接近靠近=near

appeal-- The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力=attraction

apart from-- With the exception of; besides除…外；除…外还=except for

anonymous---shavingsan unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknown

annually--- Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly每年的=yearly

annihilate-- To defeat decisively; vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms征服

alloy--- To combine; mix融合；混合=blend, mix

altitude--- The height of a thing above a reference level, especially above sea level or above the earth’s surface高度=elevation

affluent--- Generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthy

afflict--- To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on折磨=problem

affect-- To have or show a liking for喜欢=fondness

aesthetically--- Artistically有艺术的，在艺术上的=artistically

adverse--- Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic敌对的=oppose, ill

adversely--- harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive反面的

advocate--- One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender支持者或保护者=proponent To speak, plead, or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge, preach

adorn--- To lend beauty to; decorate使美观为…增添美；装饰=decorate

adopt--- To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on

brilliance-- The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiant

boundary--- Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing line

breach-- A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation, or a promise破坏，违犯=violation

boost--- To increase; raise增加；拔高;To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below推、举=raise

blend--- To combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character, quality, or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine, mix

bizarre--- Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古怪的=odd

bias--- A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment偏见=prejudice

beam--- A ray or shaft of light光柱，光束=ray

be characterized by---distinguish

barren-- Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation不毛的=infertile

balmy--- Mild and pleasant温和的=mild

comprise--- To consist of; be composed of由…构成=consist of ,make up

conception-- Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design, idea, or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation; an idea or conception心理形象或象征；想法或构思

composed of --To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制作=create

component--- A constituent element, as of a system组成要素=element, part

comparable-- Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similar

compile--- To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put together

community--- Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会；大众。Asgroupsof plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions共生动物群的一群植物和动物=settlement, society

commodity--- Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage商品=goods

coincide--- To happen at the same time or during the same period同时发生=occur at the same time

cohesion--- The act, process, or condition of cohering结合=unity The combination or arrangement of partssintosa whole; unification统一

cluster--- To gather or growsintosbunches丛生=concentrate

classify--- To arrange or organize according to class or category分类=categorize

cling to --- v.依附,依靠,坚持=stick to

cite --- To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof引证把…作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出=mention

check ---monitor To check the quality or content of (an electronic audio or visual signal) by means of a receiver监听，收听；To check by means of an electronic receiver for significant content, such as military, political, or illegal activity窃听

celestial--- Of or relating to the sky or the heavens天空的=astronomical

cease--- To put an end to; discontinue使…停止；中止=stop

capability-- The quality of being capable; ability能力=ability

cumbersome --- Troublesome or onerous麻烦的=burdensome

crisscross--- To move back and forth through or over交叉移动move back and forth

crawl--- To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground; creep爬行=creep

counterpart-- A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An adaptation of a work of art or literaturesintosanother medium or style版本

counteract--- To oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary action; check抵制，抵消=negate

core --- The basic or most important part; the essence核心，本质=center

conventional--- Conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional传统的=traditional

contribute to --- v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠

consumption---The act or process of consuming消耗=eating

constrain--To keep within close bounds; confine限制=bound To set a limit to; confine限制

constitute---To found (an institution, for example)创建=make up

constituent---Serving as part of a whole; component组成的=component

constantly---Continually occurring; persistently持续的=continuously

conspicuous---Attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable值得注意的=noticeable

consort with ---v.陪伴=associate To keep company陪伴

conserve---To protect from loss or harm; preserve保存,保护=retain vt.留住；保住

consequence---Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition结果=result

conjecture---A statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on guesswork猜想=based on guessing

congestion---To be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded, crowded

conflicting---To be opposing; different对立的，不同的=opposing, contrary

confront---To come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility面对与…面对面的=face To confront with complete awareness面对

confine to ---To keep within bounds; restrict限制=limit, cramp Restrict; narrow受限制

confederacy---A union of persons, parties, or states; a league联盟=ally One that is allied with another, especially by treaty同盟者

conceal---To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide隐藏=hide

dramatically---Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的=striking

durable---Lasting; stable持久的；稳定的=lasting

domains---[计]域=fields

domestic---Tame or domesticated. Used of animals驯养的=tame

dominate---To enjoy a commanding, controlling position in占支配地位=be prevalent in

divergence---Difference, as of opinion意见分歧difference

diverse---Made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements多种多样的=various

dogma---An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief

distinction---The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference差别=difference

distinct---Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete有区别的，不同的=different, separate, definite

dispute---To argue about; debate就…进行争论=argument, disagreement

disseminate---To spread abroad; promulgate散布=spread, distribute

disposal---The act or process of getting rid of something除掉=get rid of

discrete---Constituting a separate thing; distinct分离的=separate Existing as an independent entity单独的

discard---To throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃=get rid of

diffuse---To become widely dispersed; spread out散布=travel To be transmitted, as light or sound; move or pass传送

differentiate---To constitute the distinction between区分=distinguish To perceive as being different or distinct区分

dictate---To prescribe with authority; impose命令；To issue orders or commands命令=determine To reach a decision; resolve解决，决定,=prescribe To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin指定，规定

devastate---To lay waste; destroy变成废墟，荒芜；破坏=ruin

device---A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks机器=instrument A device for recording, measuring, or controlling, especially such a device functioning as part of a control system仪表

devoid of ---free of无...的,免于...的;摆脱了...的

destruction---The act of destroying毁灭=demolition The act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially destruction by explosives.摧毁破坏

detect---To discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of查明；发现=discover, sense To become aware of; perceive感觉意识到

detectable---Can be discovered or ascertained the existence, presence, or fact可查明；可发现apparent, measurable，sizable

derive---To obtain or receive from a source得到=obtain,

To issue from a source; originate起源于=stem from

depression---An area that is sunk below its surroundings; a hollow下陷处=low

depressed--Low in spirits; dejected情绪低落的；沮丧的=saddened

deposit---To put or set down; place放置=place, lay

deplete---To decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out消灭，用完或用光=exhaust, run out

dense---Hard to penetrate; thick浓厚的=thick, heavy

delicate---Marked by sensitivity of discrimination敏锐的=sensitive

Easily broken or damaged脆弱的=fragile

delicate---Considerate of the feelings of others体贴的=careful, intentionally

deft---Quick and skillful; adroit灵巧的=skilled

extract---To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt摘录=remove

extend----To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length延伸=increase, stretch, outspread

extensive----Large in extent, range, or amount广大的=wide, far from reaching

exponential---Containing, involving, or expressed as an exponent指数的=rapid, increase

exert---To bring to bear; exercise对…施加=apply To putsintosaction使用，运用,=cause

exhibition---The act or an instance of exhibiting展览=display

exorbitant---Exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness过高的，昂贵的=expensive

expand---To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge扩大=increase

excessive---Exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit过量的=extreme Extending far beyond the norm过分的

exclusion---The condition or fact of being excluded.排除或被排除的状态keep out of躲开；置身于…之外

execution---制作=create

exalted---Lofty; sublime; noble高的，崇高的；高贵的=superior Of great value or excellence; extraordinary价值巨大或品质优越的；突出的

exceed---To be greater than; surpass比…更好；超过=surpass

excel---To show superiority; surpass others胜过=be superior

exceptional---Well above average; extraordinary杰出的=extraordinary

exceptionally---Deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental ability特殊的=abnormally,

Being an exception; uncommon例外的=extremely

evident---Easily seen or understood; obvious显然的=apparent Readily understood; clear or obvious显然的

evolve---To undergo gradual change; develop发展=develop

erode---To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion腐蚀，侵蚀=wear away

equivalent---Equal, as in value, force, or meaning相等的=interchangeable That can be interchanged可以相互交换的

entity---Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit实体=object Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially by vision or touch; a material thing物体

enormous---Very great in size, extent, number, or degree巨大的=tremendous, huge

emit---To give or send out matter or energy发射=give off发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等)

employ---To put to use or service投入使用=use

enactment---To act (something) out, as on a stage扮演=performance, pass

emerge---To comesintosexistence发生使出现=appear, spring up

embed---To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋=encase To enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱

elaborate---To become elaborate变得复杂=complicate To make or become complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑

elaborately---Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail

fuse---To mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend.熔合=combine

furnish---To supply; give供应；提供=provide

fragment---A small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece A portion or part that has been separated from a whole

forbid---To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit严禁=ban

forage---To wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed To give food to; supply with nourishment给予食物

float---To move from place to place, especially at random漂移=drift along

fertile---Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich Abounding, especially in natural resources肥沃的；丰富的

faction---Asgroupsof persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a larger group小集团=side One of two or more opposing individuals, groups, teams, or sets of opinions派

graze---To feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed

gorgeous---Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的；美丽的；眩目艳丽的=magnificent, beautiful

global---Of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide全球的=worldwide

give way to ---让路,让步=be replaced by ,=turnsintos

genetic---Affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的=heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring遣传

gap---An opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach豁口=opening A breach or an aperture缺口