托福考试中的语法规律 Ⅱ
①.what
充当(主句和从句——下同)两个主语、两个宾语、一个主语十一个宾语。例(18)中的"what'’即是充当了两个主语。又如：
I believed what he said. 句中的"what"即是充当两个宾语。有时，“what'’的这种特点也成为改错部分的“题眼”。如：
(19)(Some) psychologists believe (what) even a person (suffers) from amnesia，some (memory) remains in the unconscious.
②whatever，whoever，whichever
上述三个词的用法与“what”差不多：意义上表示一种强调。但在考题中出现的频率不及"what”高。
③as，than
本来“ss”和“than”作为关联词只有连接主句和状语从句的作用，但在托福语法考题中如果符合上面提到的“省略”要求的两个条件——主句的主语与从句的主语逻辑上相一致;从句以“be'’的适当形式作谓语的“主一系一表”结构或“类主一系一表”结构——这两个词除“正常”的连接作用还充当从句的主语：如：
John's father was such a stingy man that he seldom spent On his son as much as was necessary..
Mark was delighted tO see his new flat Was larger than was expected...
上面的两个句子中，“as”和“than’分别充当了从句的主语。
三.变性
“变性”是指"after"和“before”所引导的从句在从句的主语与主句的主语一致的时候可以由从句变为介词(before、after由关联词变成介词，动名词短语作介词宾语)。如：
Before he became the 39th President Of United States，Jimmy Carterhad been the governor Of Georgia.变成： Before becoming the 39th President Of…
四.变形
“变形”指的是"because"、“since"、“as”和“for”引导的原因状语从句在从句的主语与主句的主语一致的时候由从句变成分词短语。如：
AS she was the first woman to serve in this local court，she enjoyed a greater popularity than her male colleagues。
变成：“Being the first woman to serve...”