文书写作指南大全（三）文章结构

to teach creationism in our local schools. I published my findings in an op-ed piece for our local paper, and as a front page article for a west-coast human rights newsletter. I have enclosed copies of these publications for you. When my State Senator asked me to manage his reelection campaign, I eagerly accepted since I knew he had worked hard in support of health care and civil rights. The position also offered me greater professional responsibility. Even though we lost the election, the campaign was an invaluable lesson in creating an effective political message, managing hundreds of volunteers, working in coalition with other campaigns, designing advertising, and fundraising.
I had hoped to work in the state capitol after the campaign, and I am now working for a state level health care advocacy organization which employs a lobbyist and coordinates grassroots strategy. In my new position I am researching legislation, helping the director design lobbying strategies, and keeping affiliated organizations throughout the state informed about evolving policy and bills.
While I believe that I have developed both academic and professional expertise in reproductive health policy, health care reform, and political organizing, I would like to acquire the skills and power to make a bigger difference. Law school would provide me with the technical skills and professional influence to be more effective in confronting right-wing litigation and initiatives and in designing and advocating for progressive social policy. After law school, I envision working for a non-profit organization such as the ACLU Reproductive Freedom Project, or working in government drafting and analyzing reproductive health policy and legislation.

二、问题分析法

在写个人声明的文章时并不是人人都选择传统的规范结构。有些作者愿意把文章的重点放在对某一个问题或论点的分析上，就象例2作者那样。她写了关于拉丁美洲的发展的影响，更具体地说，是对工厂女工的影响。注意她的结构是如何突出她必须做到的几个最关键的方面：1）她把问题个性化；2）她明确地提出论点并用具体的实证支持其论点；3）她讨论了问题的两面；4）她说明自己如何在现实生活中积极地促进该问题的解决；5）（最重要的一点）她把对问题的分析和自己上法学院的动机联系起来。

第一段（引言）
起始句："After college I served for two and a half years in Honduras with the U.S. Peace Corps."
引进主题：她先介绍拉丁美洲的发展这个主题，进而联系自己在洪都拉斯的经历使主题个性化。
说明重点："I found potential for changing some of the larger problems of development in a surprising arena, maquilardoras, or textile factories."

第二段
转折/主题句："While in Honduras I talked to many women who worked in maquilardoras."
论点和证据：她提出自己的观点，即工厂并不象学校教学中所描绘的那样消极。她以自己在洪都拉斯所得到的第一手经验为证据说明这个观点。

第三段
转折/主题句：”The factory jobs had other positive side effects.”
论点和证据: 她引证工人工资的提高和教育的改善为自己的论点提供更有力的证据。

第四段
转折/主题句：”How to balance these positive factors with the often exploitative and abusive methods of the factory managers, or how to control the problems of rural-urban migration are questions I am still investigating.” 
论点和证据: 她又从论点的其它方面进行检验，但最后又重申自己的立场。

第五段
转折/主题句：”With the new U.S. policy focus on trade with Latin America and with more and more busiensses using labor abroad, labor conditions in maquiladoras will be a growing human rights issue.”
论点和证据: 她阐述了问题与未来的关系，提供了证据，说明自己已经采取了行动，要让全国了解该问题并推动全国性的讨论。

第六段（结论）
转折/主题句：”A law degree would give me a tool to continue to work effectively and realistically on this and other issues that contribute to the well-being of people affected by U.S. policies and investments in Latin America.”
要点：她把自己参与该问题的研究和讨论与上法学院的动机联系起来。

例2： Activist

注意：为了教学目的，该文发表时未加修改。
After college I served for two and a half years in Honduras with the U.S. Peace Corps. During my time there I worked on several development projects. My experiences left me with mixed feelings about development and what is realistically achievable. Projects often proved only thin band-aids against larger endemic problems. I found potential for changing some of the larger problems of development in a surprising arena, maquiladoras, or textile
factories.
While in Honduras, I talked to many women who worked in maquiladoras. Unlike what I had read in classes, these women were happy to have their jobs and suffered no health problems or abuse. They earned more money working in the factories in the cities than picking coffee in the mountains. Women could leave their homes and find work without having to depend on husbands or families to survive. The factory jobs had other positive side effects. I saw wealthy families driving to the countryside to find maids because all the city maids quit to work in the factories where they earned more. Wages for domestic workers had already risen and these families were trying to avoid paying an even higher salary. Also, factories required a sixth grade degree. This, if nothing else, could motivate an illiterate farmer to keep his daughters in school.
How to balance these positive factors with the often exploitative and abusive methods of the factory managers, or how to control the problems of rural-urban migration are questions I am still investigating. However, economic opport

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