词汇量不变，如何提升托福口语和写作分数？

最近经常听到小伙伴们吐槽，为什么同样的词汇量水平，他的托福成绩是110，而你的才只有80+？接下来就教你如何在保持词汇量不变的情况下，大幅提升口语和写作分数。秘诀就是“句子长度”。口语的SpeechRater和写作的E-rater在评分中占据很大的比重，而他们一个重要评判标准就是“句子长度”。如果你写的大多都是10至20个词的句子，那么E-rater会认为你的语法水平和句子结构水平一般。而20至30个词的句子就能在E-rater那里拿到语言水平上的高分。那么，有哪些方法可以延长托福句子呢？以下是五种类型的句子结构，可以帮助你增加托福句子的长度：

1.句首的介词短语

句首介词短语由介词和名词短语组成。它们可以放在句子的开头。在某些情况下，这些介词短语是限制性的，不应该后跟逗号。然而，介词短语也可能是非限制性的，应该后跟逗号。

限制性的句首介词短语：Next to the meandering river in the hidden wilderness was an old log that was worn from many years of weathering from the harmful rays of the sun.

非限制性的句首介词短语：At the bank last week,I deposited several thousand dollars from the paychecks I had received from my sales efforts with Toyota,with which I have worked for more than 25 years.

限制性的介词短语是需要来完成句子的语法/意义；非限制性的介词短语可以从句子中去掉而不破坏语法。

2.前置和后置形容词、副词和形容词从句

名词和副词从句可以出现在句子的开头和结尾。在这些情况下，介词从句后面要加逗号。相比之下，名词从句不需要逗号。然而，当从属从句出现在句子末尾时，通常不需要逗号。

副词从句开头：Although the students needed more time to complete their research projects,the professor refused to grant them an extension.

名词从句开头：That several students missed the final exam concerned the professor since they would all fail the course.

后置形容词从句：Last week,after I completed my homework in my physics class,I went to Los Angeles and visited Thomas Reigns,who was my roommate last year when I was attending UCLA.

后置副词从句：Many cities in the United States are enacting laws to combat climate change because greenhouse gases are causing global warming.

后置名词从句：The professor made it mandatory that all attending students complete the final research project before the deadline.

3.同位语

同位语是修饰其他名词短语的名词短语。这些形容修饰语可以直接出现在所修饰的名词之前或之后。通常，这些语法结构会有逗号分隔。

在句首的同位语：A student of integrity,respect,and intelligence,English major Rika Tuniko won the praise of faculty,staff,and fellow classmates after her powerful presentation on race and equity.

在主语后面的同位语：Several students,all residents of San Bernardino,were invited to attend the White House in which United States president Joe Biden honored them for their contributions to green energy and climate change

在宾语后面的同位语：Two years ago,I participated in the Carlsbad 5000,a 5K race attended by more than 30,000 runners.

4.现在和过去分词短语

现在分词短语和过去分词短语起到形容词的作用，因此它们修饰名词。这些形容词短语可以放置在句子中名词之前或之后的不同位置。

句首的现在分词短语：Having waited for more than three hours,the student was finally able to discuss her grade with the professor.

主语后的过去分词短语：The Apple Smartphone,broken after being dropped repeatedly by the user,will need to be replaced.

5.使用FANBOYS连接复合句

这是最简单的语法，但可以直接将句子长度翻倍。要写这种类型的句子，需要使用FANBOYS中的一个将两个独立的从句连接起来：

For（因为）

And（和）

Nor（也不）

But（但是）

Or（或者）

Yet（然而）

So（所以）

以下是两个使用FANBOYS的复合句的例子：

使用“for”连接的复合句：Most students taking the TOEFL iBT registered at least one month in advance,for they want to make sure they will be guaranteed a seat during the exam.

使用“but”连接的复合句：Becoming familiar with TOEFL test-taking skills and strategies is important,but students also need to concentrate on improving their academic English language proficiency if they want to get a higher score.

以上几个方法学会了吗？一定要多多练习哦！